• Judith Butler ⋅ Le pou­voir des mots. Politique du performatif 23 11 18

    Qui donc peut se tenir au-des­sus de la mêlée inter­pré­ta­tive en un lieu lui per­met­tant d’assigner à chaque énon­cé une signi­fi­ca­tion constante ? Et pour­quoi consi­dère-t-on que la menace que ferait peser une telle auto­ri­té est moins grave que celle que consti­tue l’interprétation équivoque ?…

  • Judith Butler ⋅ Bodies That Matter 25 04 25

    Importantly, howe­ver, there is no power, construed as a sub­ject, that acts, but only, to repeat an ear­lier phrase, a rei­te­ra­ted acting that is power in its per­sis­tence and insta­bi­li­ty. This is less an “act,” sin­gu­lar and deli­be­rate, than a nexus of power and dis­course that repeats or mimes the dis­cur­sive ges­tures of power. Hence, the judge who autho­rizes and ins­talls the situa­tion he names inva­ria­bly cites the law that he applies, and it is the power of this cita­tion that gives the per­for­ma­tive its bin­ding or confer­ring power. And though it may appear that the bin­ding power of his…

  • Judith Butler ⋅ Bodies That Matter

    As much as it is neces­sa­ry to assert poli­ti­cal demands through recourse to iden­ti­ty cate­go­ries, and to lay claim to the power to name one­self and deter­mine the condi­tions under which that name is used, it is also impos­sible to sus­tain that kind of mas­te­ry over the tra­jec­to­ry of those cate­go­ries within dis­course. This is not an argu­ment against using iden­ti­ty cate­go­ries, but it is a remin­der of the risk that attends eve­ry such use. The expec­ta­tion of self-deter­mi­na­tion that self-naming arouses is para­doxi­cal­ly contes­ted by the his­to­ri­ci­ty of the name itself : by the his­to­ry of the usages that one…

  • Judith Butler ⋅ Bodies That Matter

    One might be temp­ted to say that iden­ti­ty cate­go­ries are insuf­fi­cient because eve­ry sub­ject posi­tion is the site of conver­ging rela­tions of power that are not uni­vo­cal. But such a for­mu­la­tion unde­res­ti­mates the radi­cal chal­lenge to the sub­ject that such conver­ging rela­tions imply. For there is no self-iden­ti­cal sub­ject who houses or bears these rela­tions, no site at which such rela­tions converge. This conver­ging and inter­ar­ti­cu­la­tion is the contem­po­ra­ry fate of the sub­ject. In other words, the sub­ject as a self-iden­ti­cal enti­ty is no more. It is in this sense that the tem­po­ra­ry tota­li­za­tion per­for­med by iden­ti­ty cate­go­ries is a necessary…

  • Judith Butler ⋅ Bodies That Matter

    How, if at all, is the notion of dis­cur­sive resi­gni­fi­ca­tion lin­ked to the notion of gen­der paro­dy or imper­so­na­tion ? First, what is meant by unders­tan­ding gen­der as an imper­so­na­tion ? Does this mean that one puts on a mask or per­so­na, that there is a “one” who pre­cedes that “put­ting on,” who is some­thing other than its gen­der from the start ? Or does this miming, this imper­so­na­ting pre­cede and form the “one,” ope­ra­ting as its for­ma­tive pre­con­di­tion rather than its dis­pen­sable arti­fice ? The construal of gen­der-as-drag accor­ding to the first model appears to be the effect of a num­ber of circumstances.…

  • Judith Butler ⋅ Bodies That Matter

    The cri­ti­cal poten­tial of “drag” cen­tral­ly concerns a cri­tique of a pre­vai­ling truth-regime of “sex,” one that I take to be per­va­si­ve­ly hete­ro­sexist : the dis­tinc­tion bet­ween the “inside” truth of femi­ni­ni­ty, consi­de­red as psy­chic dis­po­si­tion or ego-core, and the “out­side” truth, consi­de­red as appea­rance or pre­sen­ta­tion, pro­duces a contra­dic­to­ry for­ma­tion of gen­der in which no fixed “truth” can be esta­bli­shed. Gender is nei­ther a pure­ly psy­chic truth, concei­ved as “inter­nal” and “hid­den,” nor is it redu­cible to a sur­face appea­rance ; on the contra­ry, its unde­ci­da­bi­li­ty is to be tra­ced as the play bet­ween psyche and appea­rance (where the lat­ter domain…

  • Judith Butler ⋅ Bodies That Matter

    Is there per­haps a spe­ci­fic gen­der pain that pro­vokes such fan­ta­sies of a sexual prac­tice that would trans­cend gen­der dif­fe­rence alto­ge­ther, in which the marks of mas­cu­li­ni­ty and femi­ni­ni­ty would no lon­ger be legible ? Would this not be a sexual prac­tice para­dig­ma­ti­cal­ly feti­shis­tic, trying not to know what it knows, but kno­wing it all the same ?…