{"id":12679,"date":"2018-10-01T10:41:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-01T09:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.testanonpertinente.net\/?p=12679"},"modified":"2024-12-18T11:34:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T10:34:19","slug":"12679","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/?p=12679","title":{"rendered":"\u00e9volutionnisme, magie (Sanchez, La rationalit\u00e9 des croyances magiques)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La th\u00e8se abr\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9e de Lalande, publi\u00e9e ini\u00adtia\u00adle\u00adment en 1892, a pour objet de r\u00e9fu\u00adter les argu\u00adments \u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adnistes deve\u00adnus, selon le phi\u00adlo\u00adsophe, le lan\u00adgage com\u00admun des sciences phy\u00adsiques et morales de son temps. L\u2019analyse de Lalande porte d\u2019a\u00adbord sur la poly\u00ads\u00e9\u00admie du mot \u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion qui enf ait ain\u00adsi plu\u00adt\u00f4t une notion qu\u2019un concept. Ce mot d\u00e9tient, en par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adlier, l\u2019\u00e9\u00adton\u00adnant pou\u00advoir de \u00ab&nbsp;tout inter\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adter au moyen d\u2019un seul et m\u00eame prin\u00adcipe&nbsp;\u00bb. L\u2019\u00e9volution est un prin\u00adcipe direc\u00adteur qui engendre ind\u00e9\u00adfi\u00adni\u00adment des expli\u00adca\u00adtions sur des bases fra\u00adgiles. Il suf\u00adfit pour cela de prendre une ques\u00adtion, par exemple l\u2019ex\u00adpli\u00adca\u00adtion cau\u00adsale, de trou\u00adver deux termes \u00e0 l\u2019ex\u00adtr\u00e9\u00admi\u00adt\u00e9 d\u2019un spectre de th\u00e9o\u00adries, en l\u2019oc\u00adcur\u00adrence la magie et la science, pour \u00eatre en mesure arti\u00adfi\u00adciel\u00adle\u00adment de recons\u00adtruire une \u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion his\u00adto\u00adrique et n\u00e9ces\u00adsaire ame\u00adnant l\u2019homme \u00e0 se lib\u00e9\u00adrer de fausses repr\u00e9\u00adsen\u00adta\u00adtions. Le prin\u00adcipe \u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adniste d\u00e9livre, dans ce cas pr\u00e9\u00adsent, une expli\u00adca\u00adtion dou\u00adteuse en ce qu\u2019elle pos\u00adtule d\u2019a\u00adbord que la magie et la science se r\u00e9duisent toutes les deux \u00e0 l\u2019ap\u00adpli\u00adca\u00adtion du prin\u00adcipe de cau\u00adsa\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9, et en ce qu\u2019elle pr\u00e9\u00adsup\u00adpose ensuite que ce prin\u00adcipe embrasse une seule signi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion, tant pour la magie que pour la science. De ce fait, la ligne conti\u00adnue qui relie les points d\u2019une courbe pro\u00adpose une vision pure\u00adment m\u00e9ta\u00adphy\u00adsique et non scien\u00adti\u00adfique d\u2019un pro\u00adbl\u00e8me. Andr\u00e9 Lalande voit dans le prin\u00adcipe d\u2019\u00e9\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adtion une r\u00e9ac\u00adtua\u00adli\u00adsa\u00adtion de cette ten\u00addance au monisme pro\u00adfon\u00add\u00e9\u00adment che\u00advill\u00e9e au dis\u00adcours phi\u00adlo\u00adso\u00adphique&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;La loi qui l\u2019ex\u00adprime est donc bien la loi de l\u2019u\u00adni\u00advers, l\u2019axiome secret qui domine les choses, les engendre, et dont la pos\u00adses\u00adsion nous donne la cl\u00e9 des ph\u00e9\u00adno\u00adm\u00e8nes.&nbsp;\u00bb L\u2019architecture de ces pro\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtions \u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adnistes pr\u00e9\u00adten\u00addu\u00adment scien\u00adti\u00adfiques n\u2019est pas, en fait, radi\u00adca\u00adle\u00adment dif\u00adf\u00e9\u00adrentes des construc\u00adtions de Hegel, ou de Schelling. Appliqu\u00e9es aux sciences sociales, les th\u00e8ses \u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adnistes d\u00e9voilent plus encore leur fra\u00adgi\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9. L\u2019id\u00e9e selon laquelle l\u2019ob\u00adser\u00adva\u00adtion des pri\u00admi\u00adtifs don\u00adne\u00adrait acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une com\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adhen\u00adsion des formes pre\u00admi\u00e8res de la vie sociale ou des repr\u00e9\u00adsen\u00adta\u00adtions col\u00adlec\u00adtives semble par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adli\u00e8\u00adre\u00adment hasar\u00addeuse et ind\u00e9\u00admon\u00adtrable. L\u2019article \u00ab&nbsp;Primitif&nbsp;\u00bb, int\u00e9\u00adgr\u00e9 au <em>Vocabulaire tech\u00adnique et cri\u00adtique de la phi\u00adlo\u00adso\u00adphie<\/em>, rel\u00e8ve toutes les ambi\u00adgu\u00ef\u00adt\u00e9s de ce terme \u00ab&nbsp;tr\u00e8s usuel en socio\u00adlo\u00adgie&nbsp;\u00bb. Peut-on assi\u00admi\u00adler, demande Andr\u00e9 Lalande, les soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9s inf\u00e9\u00adrieures actuelles aux soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9s archa\u00efques, aux soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9s qui nous ont chro\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgi\u00adque\u00adment pr\u00e9\u00adc\u00e9\u00add\u00e9s&nbsp;? Comment \u00e9ta\u00adblir la preuve que l\u2019a\u00adna\u00adlyse d\u2019une ins\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adtion archa\u00efque consti\u00adtue un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la com\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adhen\u00adsion de cette ins\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adtion dans des soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9s sup\u00adpo\u00ads\u00e9es plus avan\u00adc\u00e9es du point de vue de l\u2019\u00e9\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adtion&nbsp;? Est-on cer\u00adtain que l\u2019\u00e9\u00advo\u00adlu\u00adtion his\u00adto\u00adrique va du simple ou com\u00adplexe, \u00ab&nbsp;de l\u2019ho\u00admo\u00adg\u00e8ne \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9\u00adro\u00adg\u00e8ne, d\u2019une exu\u00adb\u00e9\u00adrance des formes non sys\u00adt\u00e9\u00adma\u00adtiques \u00e0 une s\u00e9lec\u00adtion logique&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La th\u00e8se abr\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9e de Lalande, publi\u00e9e ini\u00adtia\u00adle\u00adment en 1892, a pour objet de r\u00e9fu\u00adter les argu\u00adments \u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion\u00adnistes deve\u00adnus, selon le phi\u00adlo\u00adsophe, le lan\u00adgage com\u00admun des sciences phy\u00adsiques et morales de son temps. L\u2019analyse de Lalande porte d\u2019a\u00adbord sur la poly\u00ads\u00e9\u00admie du mot \u00e9vo\u00adlu\u00adtion qui enf ait ain\u00adsi plu\u00adt\u00f4t une notion qu\u2019un concept. Ce mot d\u00e9tient,&nbsp;[\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"quote","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2561,1131],"class_list":["post-12679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-quote","hentry","category-non-classe","tag-evolutionnisme","tag-magie","post_format-post-format-quote"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12679"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22360,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12679\/revisions\/22360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}