{"id":1733,"date":"2017-09-13T13:16:15","date_gmt":"2017-09-13T12:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.testanonpertinente.net\/locule\/?p=1733"},"modified":"2021-02-17T20:54:16","modified_gmt":"2021-02-17T19:54:16","slug":"1733","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/?p=1733","title":{"rendered":"de libera, linguistique, logique, moyen \u00e2ge, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, s\u00e9mantique (Libera, Encyclop\u00e6edia Universalis)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Contrairement \u00e0 ce que sug\u00adg\u00e8re le mot d\u2019ordre bona\u00adven\u00adtu\u00adrien <i>de reduc\u00adtione artium ad theo\u00adlo\u00adgiam<\/i>, l\u2019in\u00adter\u00add\u00e9\u00adpen\u00addance des dis\u00adci\u00adplines, tout par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adli\u00e8\u00adre\u00adment des arts du lan\u00adgage et de la th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgie, ne signi\u00adfie pas que la logique m\u00e9di\u00e9\u00advale n\u2019ait qu\u2019une fonc\u00adtion de \u00ab&nbsp;ser\u00advante&nbsp;\u00bb (<em>phi\u00adlo\u00adso\u00adphia ancil\u00adla theo\u00adlo\u00adgiae<\/em>). Au vrai, la r\u00e9flexion th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgique est si peu cou\u00adp\u00e9e de la s\u00e9man\u00adtique phi\u00adlo\u00adso\u00adphique qu\u2019elle fait m\u00eame par\u00adtie de son his\u00adtoire. On sait que l\u2019un des prin\u00adci\u00adpaux apports des <i>sum\u00admu\u00adlae logi\u00adcales <\/i> du XIIIe si\u00e8cle est d\u2019of\u00adfrir une des\u00adcrip\u00adtion du fonc\u00adtion\u00adne\u00adment s\u00e9man\u00adtique des termes cat\u00e9\u00adgo\u00adr\u00e9\u00adma\u00adtiques pris dans des contextes pro\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtion\u00adnels vari\u00e9s. Cette d\u00e9marche a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crite comme une \u00ab&nbsp;approche contex\u00adtuelle&nbsp;\u00bb (L. M. De Rijk), mais elle r\u00e9sulte d\u2019une inter\u00adac\u00adtion et d\u2019une inter\u00adp\u00e9\u00adn\u00e9\u00adtra\u00adtion plus g\u00e9n\u00e9\u00adrale que celle qui lie\u00adrait seule\u00adment la th\u00e9o\u00adrie logique de la r\u00e9f\u00e9\u00adrence avec les th\u00e9o\u00adries gram\u00adma\u00adti\u00adcales de la signi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion for\u00admu\u00adl\u00e9es au XIIe si\u00e8cle&nbsp;: la sp\u00e9\u00adcu\u00adla\u00adtion th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgique sur les pro\u00adbl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9man\u00adtique tri\u00adni\u00adtaire y joue un r\u00f4le tout aus\u00adsi impor\u00adtant. De fait, c\u2019est bien sur ce ter\u00adrain que s\u2019est for\u00adm\u00e9e la notion cl\u00e9 de la logique sco\u00adlas\u00adtique&nbsp;: la <i>sup\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtio ter\u00admi\u00adni <\/i>. En d\u2019autres mots&nbsp;: la doc\u00adtrine tri\u00adni\u00adtaire des m\u00e9di\u00e9\u00advaux est non seule\u00adment impr\u00e9\u00adgn\u00e9e de s\u00e9man\u00adtique, elle est pro\u00adduc\u00adtrice de s\u00e9man\u00adtique&nbsp;; ce qui revient \u00e0 dire que la ratio\u00adna\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9 reli\u00adgieuse pro\u00adduit de la ratio\u00adna\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9 tout court. Au fon\u00adde\u00adment de la s\u00e9man\u00adtique moderne et des diverses mou\u00adtures de la dis\u00adtinc\u00adtion fr\u00e9\u00adg\u00e9enne entre <i>Sinn <\/i> et <i>Bedeutung <\/i>, il y a un usage th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgique d\u2019une notion de \u00ab&nbsp;sup\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtion&nbsp;\u00bb li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00adna\u00adlyse de la signi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion en signi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion pre\u00admi\u00e8re et signi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion secon\u00addaire. D\u00e8s le XIIe si\u00e8cle, les th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgiens s\u2019ac\u00adcordent \u00e0 dire que le mot per\u00adso\u00adna \u00ab&nbsp;sup\u00adpose&nbsp;\u00bb ou \u00ab&nbsp;signi\u00adfie \u00e0 titre pre\u00admier&nbsp;\u00bb cha\u00adcune des trois Personnes de la Trinit\u00e9 et qu\u2019il \u00ab&nbsp;consi\u00adgni\u00adfie&nbsp;\u00bb ou \u00ab&nbsp;connote&nbsp;\u00bb l\u2019es\u00adsence divine com\u00admune aux trois Personnes. La Personne tri\u00adni\u00adtaire \u00e9tant d\u00e9si\u00adgn\u00e9e du nom latin de <i>sup\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtum <\/i>, \u00e9qui\u00advalent exact de la notion grecque d\u2019hy\u00adpo\u00adstase, le m\u00eame mot de <i>sup\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtum <\/i> \u00e9tant par ailleurs celui dont se servent les gram\u00admai\u00adriens latins pour d\u00e9si\u00adgner le sujet d\u2019une phrase, le terme <i>sup\u00adpo\u00adnere <\/i> en vient \u00e0 d\u00e9si\u00adgner la fonc\u00adtion r\u00e9f\u00e9\u00adren\u00adtielle d\u2019un terme sujet d\u2019une pro\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtion. Cette amorce de th\u00e9o\u00adrie de la r\u00e9f\u00e9\u00adrence, acquise dans les ann\u00e9es 1150, se fait \u00e0 l\u2019in\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrieur m\u00eame de la th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgie&nbsp;: les pre\u00admi\u00e8res sub\u00addi\u00advi\u00adsions de la <i>sup\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtio <\/i> (per\u00adson\u00adnelle, essen\u00adtielle ou com\u00admune) d\u00e9coulent de l\u2019a\u00adna\u00adlyse th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgique des \u00ab&nbsp;appro\u00adpria\u00adtions&nbsp;\u00bb tri\u00adni\u00adtaires&nbsp;; c\u2019est seule\u00adment ensuite \u00e0 par\u00adtir du XIIIe si\u00e8cle, que l\u2019ar\u00adma\u00adture th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgique des notions s\u2019ef\u00adface devant un appa\u00adreil pro\u00adpre\u00adment phi\u00adlo\u00adso\u00adphique. Il faut donc sou\u00adli\u00adgner que cette inno\u00adva\u00adtion du Moyen \u00c2ge par rap\u00adport \u00e0 la logique aris\u00adto\u00adt\u00e9\u00adli\u00adcienne se fait sur un ter\u00adrain lui-m\u00eame non phi\u00adlo\u00adso\u00adphique, struc\u00adtu\u00adr\u00e9 dans ses grandes lignes par une s\u00e9man\u00adtique pro\u00adpre\u00adment th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgique h\u00e9ri\u00adt\u00e9e du n\u00e9o\u00adpla\u00adto\u00adnisme bo\u00e9\u00adcien. La chose appa\u00adra\u00eet net\u00adte\u00adment si l\u2019on consi\u00add\u00e8re ses prin\u00adci\u00adpaux pro\u00admo\u00adteurs&nbsp;: les com\u00admen\u00adtaires des opus\u00adcules th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgiques de Bo\u00e8ce chez Gilbert de Poitiers et ses \u00e9l\u00e8ves (les \u00ab&nbsp;Porr\u00e9tains&nbsp;\u00bb, <i>Porretani <\/i> vers 1160). De fait, la dis\u00adtinc\u00adtion entre deux signi\u00adfi\u00e9s de tout nom employ\u00e9 en domaine natu\u00adrel \u2013 le sujet onto\u00adlo\u00adgique ou <i>quod est <\/i> et sa forme dona\u00adtrice d\u2019\u00eatre ou <i>quo est <\/i> \u2013, ain\u00adsi que la th\u00e8se selon laquelle cette double signi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00adtion est modu\u00adl\u00e9e en fonc\u00adtion du contexte pro\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtion\u00adnel o\u00f9 le nom s\u2019ins\u00adcrit, sont toutes deux d\u2019o\u00adri\u00adgine bo\u00e9cienne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Contrairement \u00e0 ce que sug\u00adg\u00e8re le mot d\u2019ordre bona\u00adven\u00adtu\u00adrien de reduc\u00adtione artium ad theo\u00adlo\u00adgiam, l\u2019in\u00adter\u00add\u00e9\u00adpen\u00addance des dis\u00adci\u00adplines, tout par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adli\u00e8\u00adre\u00adment des arts du lan\u00adgage et de la th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgie, ne signi\u00adfie pas que la logique m\u00e9di\u00e9\u00advale n\u2019ait qu\u2019une fonc\u00adtion de \u00ab&nbsp;ser\u00advante&nbsp;\u00bb (phi\u00adlo\u00adso\u00adphia ancil\u00adla theo\u00adlo\u00adgiae). Au vrai, la r\u00e9flexion th\u00e9o\u00adlo\u00adgique est si peu cou\u00adp\u00e9e de la s\u00e9man\u00adtique philosophique&nbsp;[\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"quote","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1422,143,951,703,1423,1426],"class_list":["post-1733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-quote","hentry","category-non-classe","tag-de-libera","tag-linguistique","tag-logique","tag-moyen-age","tag-reference","tag-semantique","post_format-post-format-quote"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1733"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1733\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}