Nous sommes d\u00e9sor\u00admais en mesure d\u2019i\u00adden\u00adti\u00adfier les pos\u00adtu\u00adlats d\u2019ordre social com\u00admuns aux th\u00e9o\u00adries poli\u00adtiques les plus impor\u00adtantes du XVIIe si\u00e8cle et d\u2019ap\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adcier le r\u00f4le qu\u2019elles y jouent. Du m\u00eame coup, il est nous est pos\u00adsible de com\u00adprendre les pro\u00adbl\u00e8mes qu\u2019ils posent \u00e0 la d\u00e9mo\u00adcra\u00adtie lib\u00e9\u00adrale aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n
En tant qu\u2019af\u00adfir\u00adma\u00adtion d\u2019une pro\u00adpri\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9, l\u2019in\u00addi\u00advi\u00addua\u00adlisme repose sur une s\u00e9rie de pos\u00adtu\u00adlats que r\u00e9sument assez bien les sept pro\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adtions suivantes :<\/p>\n
Proposition I :<\/em> L\u2019homme ne pos\u00ads\u00e8de la qua\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9 d\u2019homme que s\u2019il est libre et ind\u00e9\u00adpen\u00addant de la volon\u00adt\u00e9 d\u2019autrui.<\/p>\n Proposition II : <\/em>Cette ind\u00e9\u00adpen\u00addance et cette liber\u00adt\u00e9 signi\u00adfient que l\u2019homme est libre de n\u2019en\u00adtre\u00adte\u00adnir avec autrui d\u2019autres rap\u00adports que ceux qu\u2019il \u00e9ta\u00adblit de son plein gr\u00e9 et dans son int\u00e9\u00adr\u00eat personnel.<\/p>\n Proposition III :<\/em> L\u2019individu n\u2019est abso\u00adlu\u00adment pas rede\u00advable \u00e0 la soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 de sa per\u00adsonne ou de ses facul\u00adt\u00e9s, dont il est le pro\u00adpri\u00e9\u00adtaire exclusif.<\/p>\n[\u2026]\n Proposition IV :<\/em> L\u2019individu n\u2019a pas le droit d\u2019a\u00adli\u00e9\u00adner tota\u00adle\u00adment sa per\u00adsonne, qui lui appar\u00adtient en propre ; mais il a le droit d\u2019a\u00adli\u00e9\u00adner sa force de travail.<\/p>\n Proposition V :<\/em> La soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 humaine consiste en une s\u00e9rie de rap\u00adports de march\u00e9.<\/p>\n[\u2026]\n Proposition VI :<\/em> Puisque l\u2019homme ne pos\u00ads\u00e8de la qua\u00adli\u00adt\u00e9 d\u2019homme que s\u2019il est libre et ind\u00e9\u00adpen\u00addant de la volon\u00adt\u00e9 d\u2019au\u00adtrui, la liber\u00adt\u00e9 de chaque indi\u00advi\u00addu ne peut \u00eatre l\u00e9gi\u00adti\u00adme\u00adment limi\u00adt\u00e9e que par les obli\u00adga\u00adtion et les r\u00e8gles n\u00e9ces\u00adsaires pour assu\u00adrer \u00e0 tous la m\u00eame liber\u00adt\u00e9 et la m\u00eame ind\u00e9pendance.<\/p>\n Proposition VII :<\/em> La soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 poli\u00adtique est d\u2019ins\u00adti\u00adtu\u00adtion humaine : c\u2019est un moyen des\u00adti\u00adn\u00e9 \u00e0 pro\u00adt\u00e9\u00adger les droits de l\u2019in\u00addi\u00advi\u00addu sur sa per\u00adsonne et sur ses biens, et (par cons\u00e9\u00adquent) \u00e0 faire r\u00e9gner l\u2019ordre dans les rap\u00adports d\u2019\u00e9\u00adchange que les indi\u00advi\u00addus entre\u00adtiennent en tant que pro\u00adpri\u00e9\u00adtaires de leur propre personne.<\/p>\n[\u2026]\n Les pos\u00adtu\u00adlats de l\u2019in\u00addi\u00advi\u00addua\u00adlisme [\u2026] sont par\u00adti\u00adcu\u00adli\u00e8\u00adre\u00adment adap\u00adt\u00e9s aux soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9s de mar\u00adch\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9\u00adra\u00adli\u00ads\u00e9, car ils en expriment cer\u00adtains aspects essen\u00adtiels. C\u2019est un fait que, dans ce type de soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9, l\u2019homme n\u2019est homme que dans la mesure o\u00f9 il est son propre pro\u00adpri\u00e9\u00adtaire ; c\u2019est un fait que son huma\u00adni\u00adt\u00e9 d\u00e9pend de sa liber\u00adt\u00e9 de n\u2019\u00e9\u00adta\u00adblir avec ses sem\u00adblables que des rap\u00adports contrac\u00adtuels fon\u00add\u00e9s sur son int\u00e9\u00adr\u00eat per\u00adson\u00adnel ; c\u2019est \u00e9ga\u00adle\u00adment un fait que cette soci\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9 consiste en une s\u00e9rie de rap\u00adports de march\u00e9.<\/p>\n We are now in a posi\u00adtion to consi\u00adder the extent to which some iden\u00adti\u00adfiable social assump\u00adtions are com\u00admon to the main seven\u00adteenth-cen\u00adtu\u00adry poli\u00adti\u00adcal theo\u00adries, and how they are rele\u00advant to the pro\u00adblems of later libe\u00adral-demo\u00adcra\u00adtic socie\u00adty. The assump\u00adtions which com\u00adprise pos\u00adses\u00adsive indi\u00advi\u00addua\u00adlism may be sum\u00adma\u00adri\u00adzed in the fol\u00adlo\u00adwing seven propositions.<\/p>\n (i) What makes a man human is free\u00addom from depen\u00addence on the wills of others.<\/p>\n (ii) Freedom from depen\u00addence on others means free\u00addom from any rela\u00adtions with others except those rela\u00adtions which the indi\u00advi\u00addual enters volun\u00adta\u00adri\u00adly with a view to his own interest.<\/p>\n (iii) The indi\u00advi\u00addual is essen\u00adtial\u00adly the pro\u00adprie\u00adtor of his own per\u00adson and capa\u00adci\u00adties, for which he owes nothing to society.<\/p>\n[\u2026]\n (iv) Although the 1nd1v1dual can\u00adnot alie\u00adnate the whole of his pro\u00adper\u00adty in his own per\u00adson, he may alie\u00adnate his capa\u00adci\u00adty to labour.<\/p>\n (v) Human socie\u00adty consists of a series of mar\u00adket relations.<\/p>\n (vi) Since free\u00addom from the wills of others is what makes a man human, each indi\u00advi\u00addual\u2019s free\u00addom can right\u00adful\u00adly be limi\u00adted only by such obli\u00adga\u00adtions and rules as are neces\u00adsa\u00adry to secure the same free\u00addom for others.<\/p>\n (vii) Political socie\u00adty is a human contri\u00advance for the pro\u00adtec\u00adtion of the indi\u00advi\u00addual\u2019s pro\u00adper\u00adty in his per\u00adson and goods, and (the\u00adre\u00adfore) for the main\u00adte\u00adnance of order\u00adly rela\u00adtions of exchange bet\u00adween indi\u00advi\u00adduals regar\u00added as pro\u00adprie\u00adtors of themselves.<\/p>\n[\u2026]\n The assump\u00adtions of pos\u00adses\u00adsive indi\u00advi\u00addua\u00adlism are pecu\u00adliar\u00adly apro\u00adpriate to a pos\u00adses\u00adsive mar\u00adket socie\u00adty, for they state cer\u00adtain essen\u00adtial facts that are pecu\u00adliar to that socie\u00adty. The indi\u00advi\u00addual in a pos\u00adses\u00adsive mar\u00adket socie\u00adty is human in his capa\u00adci\u00adty as pro\u00adprie\u00adtor of his own per\u00adson ; his huma\u00adni\u00adty does depend on his free\u00addom from any but self-inter\u00ades\u00adted contrac\u00adtual rela\u00adtions with others ; his socie\u00adty does consist of a series of mar\u00adket relations.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nous sommes d\u00e9sor\u00admais en mesure d\u2019i\u00adden\u00adti\u00adfier les pos\u00adtu\u00adlats d\u2019ordre social com\u00admuns aux th\u00e9o\u00adries poli\u00adtiques les plus impor\u00adtantes du XVIIe si\u00e8cle et d\u2019ap\u00adpr\u00e9\u00adcier le r\u00f4le qu\u2019elles y jouent. Du m\u00eame coup, il est nous est pos\u00adsible de com\u00adprendre les pro\u00adbl\u00e8mes qu\u2019ils posent \u00e0 la d\u00e9mo\u00adcra\u00adtie lib\u00e9\u00adrale aujourd\u2019hui. En tant qu\u2019af\u00adfir\u00adma\u00adtion d\u2019une pro\u00adpri\u00e9\u00adt\u00e9, l\u2019in\u00addi\u00advi\u00addua\u00adlisme repose sur une [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"quote","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3036,244,2713,3035,842,3037,3034,1442,1573,1511,47],"class_list":["post-21624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-quote","hentry","category-non-classe","tag-1600-1699","tag-capitalisme","tag-commerce","tag-dix-septieme-siecle","tag-echange","tag-hobbes","tag-individualisme","tag-locke","tag-marche","tag-propriete","tag-travail","post_format-post-format-quote"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21624"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21631,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21624\/revisions\/21631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/testanonpertinente.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}